Finance field has to respond to increased new challenges of becoming and behaving more environmentally friendly. As pollution affects all kinds of environments (air, land, water), actions to diminish the pollution level, inhibit the effects of climate change, and expand the resilience of different communities are needed (Nuta, 2020; Nuta, 2023). Scholars’ attention regarding these dimensions increased more and more (Andrei et al., 2024; Alshaib et al., 2023; Dilanchiev et al., 2024; Jiang et al., 2023; Moldovan and Lobont, 2014; Nuta, Sharafat et al., 2024; Nuta, A. C. . (2024); Zhang et al., 2023 Nuţă & Nuţă, 2017).

Specific goals-oriented finance should carry out these tasks. In this regard, blue economy, a freshly introduced concept to highlight the economic activity related to oceans, seas and coasts (Petrea et al., 2021; Ullah et al., 2023; EC, 2023) generate space for distinctive financial flows to support activities, initiatives and projects related to this field (Quirici, 2023).

The life, health and economic well-being of millions of people depend on how activities are organized in oceans, seas or coastal areas. Relating the destination of financial funds to objectives that ensure the sustainable development of these areas confers a very important role on the field of blue finance. (EC, 2024)

Innovative financial tools (investment, banking, insurance), like blue loans, blue bonds, meet a double targeted scope: enhance economic potential in the ocean, sea, and coastal environment and for people involved in and improve the health of the global water resources system.

Additionally, guidelines for blue finance were published (https://www.ifc.org/en/insights-reports/2022/guidelines-for-blue-finance) to appropriately identify the projects and investments addressing blue economy opportunities. Different relevant stakeholders, such as regulators, policymakers, financial institutions, investors, and administrative authorities, must align and develop a new, credible financial framework (A. C. Nuta, Habib, et al., 2024; Lobont et al., 2018;  A. C. Nuta, Toderascu, et al., 2024; Nuţă et al., 2024).

The path for the net-zero approach is tightly connected to replacing fossil oil energy with more environmentally friendly sources, like renewable energy (F. Nuta, Shahbaz, et al., 2024; Zhang et al., 2023; S. U. Khan et al., 2023; H. Khan et al., 2023). Seas and oceans are important sources of both traditional mining (oil and gas) and renewable energy. In this sense, it is pivotal to limit the financial flows for projects that have a damaging impact on oceans and transfer more funds for a sustainable blue economy.

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