The concept of “natural capital” of a certain geographical space, of an administrative entity represents the network of natural, manmade or even anthropic ecosystems, with the functioning of the anthropic ones being directly or indirectly connected to the first two categories of ecosystems. The hierarchical components of natural capital are the genetic diversity, the specific diversity and the ecosystem diversity. According to the UN, biodiversity is defined as “the variability of the living organisms from all sources, including, amongst others, the terrestrial, the marine ecosystems as well as other aquatic ecosystems and of the ecologic complexes they are part of; it includes the diversity within species, “between the species and the ecosystems”. The services provided by ecosystems are essential to the Human Socio-Economic System. Merely starting with the 90’s, a large interest is gaining shape at the European and also global level, regarding the biodiversity and the sustainable development. Though, in Romania, there has been a socio-economic interest for the conservation of different issues of the biologic diversity, things have been neglected in the years of socialism, when the short term economic interest used to play the main role. Especially starting with 2007, as Romania reentered the European path, the conservation and the protection of biodiversity has been carried out through the building, at national level, of an area of protected areas including various categories, which has been integrated within the one at the level of the EU. The legal framework has been modified to this extend, being in accordance to the one of the EU. Though it is known, at a declarative and legal level, that the areas in a natural or semi-natural regime represent the basis of the socio-economic development of each administrative entity, there are also various threats to the biodiversity in many areas of Romania. Considering the fact that Romania enjoys the existence of a unique biodiversity within Europe, both at the ecosystems’ and species’ level and at the genetic one too, it is clearer that the conservation of biodiversity is not only a national, but also a continental interest. Sustainable economic development cannot be reached excepting this desire.