Stakeholder theory has informed a large part of corporate sustainability management research. However, a stakeholder theory perspective on sustainability performance measurement and assessment is currently missing. While the number of publications on sustainability performance measurement and assessment has grown strongly over the last 25 years, empirical research reveals that many stakeholders deem current sustainability performance measurement and assessment insufficient for their needs. In spite of their aim to create transparency about social and environmental problems and to support improvement the existing approaches do not seem to create sufficient value to key stakeholders. This article therefore explores what kind of stakeholder expectations have been expressed in the academic literature of sustainability performance measurement and sustainability assessment. Based on a systematic literature review, the paper finds that different stakeholder groups may have different expectations depending on their roles in the sustainability performance measurement and assessment process. By distinguishing six roles, standard setters, process enablers, information providers, observed subjects, decision makers and addressees, this paper differentiates stakeholder expectations on sustainability performance measurement and assessment according to roles and discusses what stakeholders and expectations are currently not considered sufficiently. Conclusions are drawn for future research and practice. Practice might benefit by realizing the lack of stakeholder consideration in the sustainability performance measurement and assessment process and immense potential for increasing stakeholder satisfaction. Research can use the six roles by testing them and further exploring the expectations of these roles.