Danubius International Conferences, 13th International Conference The Danube - Axis of European Identity
Construction and Validation of Yama, Niyama, and Dharma Scales: Three Psychological Tests of Ethics Based on Indian Philosophy
Last modified: 2023-06-20
Abstract
There are several theories of ethical behaviors in Indian philosophy. This research took yama, niyama, and dharma theories from Yoga philosophy and Manu Smriti as the frameworks of ethics. The standardized tests based on principles of Indian philosophy are lacking. This study aimed to create such measures. The three psychological tests named Yama scale, Niyama scale, and Dharma scale were developed and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) conducted to check if they confirmed their parent theories. CFA showed the partial support for all the models tested in Jamovi. The result was the three psychological tests to measure the ethical behaviors based on Yoga philosophy and Manu Smriti. Yama Scale had 15 items, Niyama Scale had 15 items, and Dharma Scale excluding common constructs with Yama and Niyama Scales had 21 items and including them had 30 items. The construct validity was established. The tests also had concurrent validity.
